In the first part, we explore the evolution and diversification of instruments in China’s international development practices, including its deployment of foreign aid and development finance, as well as its evolving role in international security arrangements and global economic governance institutions. Prof. Xiaoyang Tang will draw from his decades of research to offer an overview of Chinese development finance and its changing characteristics. Prof. Min Ye will discuss the motivations behind China’s Belt and Road Initiative from the perspective of Chinese domestic politics and trace its evolution over time. Prof. Jennifer Bouey will review China’s health cooperation with the Global South and focus on specific case studies to understand its emerging features. Prof. Courtney Fung will explore China’s growing role in international security cooperation, comparing it with India’s role.